The Impact of Elevated Testicular Temperature on Sperm

Normal human body temperature generally ranges from 36 to 37℃. However, the temperature of the testicles is about 4℃ lower than the normal body temperature, with an ideal temperature of 34℃. Some male friends may wonder, does it mean that the testicles will suffer from heatstroke if the temperature exceeds 34℃? Although it may sound like a joke, exceeding the suitable temperature for the testicles can indeed lead to 'heatstroke.'

Sperm, as the mighty army of human reproduction, requires strict living conditions before going into battle. The testicles serve as both the production and storage site for sperm, comparable to ancient camps. If the temperature of the testicles becomes too high, it can impact the quantity and quality of sperm.

1. Overheating of the testicles affects sperm production, leading to reduced quantity

As mentioned earlier, the testicles have an ideal temperature of 34℃, at which they exhibit optimal sperm-producing capabilities. When the temperature of the testicles becomes too high, it can impair their ability to produce sperm. Urology researchers at New York University in the United States discovered a large number of infertility patients. Studies have shown that the scrotal temperature of men with idiopathic infertility or varicocele is higher than that of fertile men.

2. Sperm quality is also affected by testicular overheating

The number of patients suffering from infertility is increasing, and there are many factors contributing to infertility, including a decline in sperm quality. The problems of oligozoospermia (low sperm count), asthenozoospermia (poor sperm motility), and azoospermia (absence of sperm) are becoming more prevalent, particularly among younger individuals.

Both research and clinical observations have shown that elevated scrotal temperature in men is detrimental to sperm survival. This is especially true for men with idiopathic infertility or varicocele, as their testicular temperature is higher than that of fertile men.

Individuals who frequently wear tight clothing often experience continuous scrotal heat due to excessive constriction, which hampers the testicles' ability to produce sperm.

How to keep the testicles cool?

1. Avoid taking long hot baths

Prolonged immersion of the lower body in hot water disrupts the temperature regulation balance of the scrotum. This leads to congestion and swelling of the testicles, causing significant damage to sperm. Extended hot baths with water temperatures exceeding 42℃ severely impact sperm production. It is best to control the bathwater temperature at around 30 degrees. 

Additionally, it is recommended to rinse the genital area with cold water daily, as it also helps prevent inflammation caused by smegma. Moreover, be cautious not to use scented soaps or similar products on the genital area, as they can disrupt the natural immune environment of the urethra and potentially kill sperm. It is best to use plain water or male-specific cleansers.

2. Avoid engaging in sexual activity within 20 minutes after a hot bath

It is important to note that the sensations of sexual experience are transmitted to the central cortex of the brain, requiring significant energy to sustain sexual arousal. For men to engage in sexual intercourse, the spongy tissues of the penis need to become engorged with blood to achieve and maintain an erection. Taking a hot bath also increases blood circulation throughout the body, resulting in higher blood volume production than usual, which can cause irreversible damage, such as erectile dysfunction.

3. Avoid wearing tight pants or jeans

Prolonged wearing of these types of clothing squeezes the scrotum, preventing proper temperature regulation. This can negatively impact testicular development in adolescents and lead to infertility in young men. It is recommended to limit the duration of wearing tight pants to no more than two hours at a time.

4. Choose loose and breathable underwear

Similar to avoiding tight pants or jeans, opt for underwear made of pure cotton that allows for proper ventilation and comfort.

5. Avoid using electric blankets or heating devices

Devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and laptops should be kept away from the thighs to prevent elevated scrotal temperatures, which can harm sperm.

6. Maintain a relaxed mindset

Prolonged periods of stress and emotional suppression can also decrease sperm production rates. Therefore, it is important to relax and maintain a stress-free environment to help cool down the testicles.

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